WHAT IS ROUTING
1. ROUTING IS A PROCESS OF SELECTING PATH ALONG WHICH THE DATA CAN BE TRANSFERRED FROM SOURCE TO THE DESTINATION.
2. ROUTING IS PERFORMED BY A SPECIAL DEVICE KNOWN AS A ROUTER.
3. A ROUTER WORKS AT THE NETWORK LAYER IN THE OSI MODEL AND INTERNET LAYER IN TCP/IP MODEL.
A ROUTER IS A NETWORKING DEVICE THAT FORWARDS THE PACKET BASED ON THE INFORMATION AVAILABLE IN THE PACKET HEADER AND FORWARDING TABLE.
4. THE ROUTING ALGORITHMS ARE USED FOR ROUTING, THE PACKETS. THE ROUTING ALGORITHM IS NOTHING BUT A SOFTWARE RESPONSIBLE FOR DECIDING THE OPTIMAL PATH THROUGH WHICH PACKET CAN BE TRANSMITTED.
5. THE ROUTING PROTOCOLS USE THE METRIC TO DETERMINE THE BEST PATH FOR THE PACKET DELIVERY.
THE ROUTING ALGORITHM INITIALIZES AND MAINTAINS THE ROUTING TABLE FOR THE PROCESS OF PATH DETERMINATION.
TYPES OF ROUTING
1. STATIC ROUTING
2. DYNAMIC ROUTING
3. DEFAULT ROUTING
1. STATIC ROUTING
1. STATIC ROUTING IS ALSO KNOWN AS NON- ADAPTIVE ROUTING.
2. IT IS A TECHNIQUE IN WHICH THE ADMINISTRATOR MANUALLY ADDS THE ROUTES IN A ROUTING TABLE.
A ROUTER CAN SEND THE PACKETS FOR THE DESTINATION ALONG THE ROUTE DEFINED BY THE ADMINISTRATOR.
ADDVANTAGES OF STATIC ROUTING
1. ADVANTAGES OF STATIC ROUTING FOLLOWING ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF STATIC ROUTING:
2. NO OVERHEAD: IT HAS HO OVERHEAD ON THE CPU USAGE OF THE ROUTER. THEREFORE, THE CHEAPER ROUTER CAN BE USED TO OBTAIN STATIC ROUTING.
3. BANDWIDTH: IT HAS NOT BANDWIDTH USAGE BETWEEN THE ROUTERS.
4. SECURITY: IT PROVIDES SECURITY AS THE SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR IS ALLOWED ONLY TO HAVE CONTROL OVER THE ROUTING TO A PARTICULAR NETWORK.
DISADVANTAGES OF STATIC ROUTING
1. FOR A LARGE NETWORK, IT BECOMES A VERY DIFFICULT TASK TO ADD EACH ROUTE MANUALLY TO THE ROUTING TABLE.
2. THE SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR SHOULD HAVE A GOOD KNOWLEDGE OF A TOPOLOGY AS HE HAS TO ADD EACH ROUTE MANUALLY.
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DYNAMIC ROUTING
1. DYNAMIC ROUTING IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS ADAPTIVE ROUTING.
2. IT IS A TECHNIQUE IN WHICH A ROUTER ADDS A NEW ROUTE IN THE ROUTING TABLE FOR EACH PACKET IN RESPONSE TO THE CHANGES IN THE CONDITION OR TOPOLOGY OF THE NETWORK.
3. DYNAMIC PROTOCOLS ARE USED TO DISCOVER THE NEW ROUTES TO REACH THE DESTINATION. IN DYNAMIC ROUTING, RIP AND OSPF ARE THE PROTOCOLS USED TO DISCOVER THE NEW ROUTES.
4. IF ANY ROUTE GOES DOWN, THEN THE AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT WILL BE MADE TO REACH THE DESTINATION.
ADVANTAGES OF DYNAMIC ROUTING
1. IT IS EASIER TO CONFIGURE.
2. IT IS MORE EFFECTIVE IN SELECTING THE BEST ROUTE IN RESPONSE TO THE CHANGES IN THE CONDITION OR TOPOLOGY.
DISADVANTAGES OF DYNAMIC ROUTING
1. IT IS MORE EXPENSIVE IN TERMS OF CPU AND BANDWIDTH USAGE.
2. IT IS LESS SECURE AS COMPARED TO DEFAULT AND STATIC ROUTING.
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DEFAULT ROUTING
1. DEFAULT ROUTING IS A TECHNIQUE IN WHICH A ROUTER IS CONFIGURED TO SEND ALL THE PACKETS TO THE SAME HOP DEVICE, AND IT DOESN'T MATTER WHETHER IT BELONGS TO A PARTICULAR NETWORK OR NOT.
2. A PACKET IS TRANSMITTED TO THE DEVICE FOR WHICH IT IS CONFIGURED IN DEFAULT ROUTING.
3. DEFAULT ROUTING IS USED WHEN NETWORKS DEAL WITH THE SINGLE EXIT POINT. 4. IT IS ALSO USEFUL WHEN THE BULK OF TRANSMISSION NETWORKS HAVE TO TRANSMIT THE DATA TO THE SAME HOP DEVICE.
5. WHEN A SPECIFIC ROUTE IS MENTIONED IN THE ROUTING TABLE, THE ROUTER WILL CHOOSE THE SPECIFIC ROUTE RATHER THAN THE DEFAULT ROUTE.
6. THE DEFAULT ROUTE IS CHOSEN ONLY WHEN A SPECIFIC ROUTE IS NOT MENTIONED IN THE ROUTING TABLE.
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